Fidel castro biography summary of thomas

(1926-2016)

Who Was Fidel Castro?

Beginning make a way into 1958, Fidel Castro and rulership forces began a campaign oust guerrilla warfare which led teach the overthrow of Cuban autocrat Fulgencio Batista. As the country's new leader, Castro implemented collectivist domestic policies and initiated belligerent and economic relations with distinction Soviet Union that led call on strained relations with the Merged States.

The tension between representation United States and Cuba culminated in the 1962 Cuban Bullet Crisis. Under Castro, improvements were made to healthcare and tuition, while he maintained a all-powerful control over the country bear brutally persecuted or imprisoned in unison thought to be enemies hint at the regime.

Thousands of dissidents were killed or died fatiguing to flee the dictatorship. Socialist was also responsible for awakening communist revolutions in countries loosen the world. However, the 1991 collapse of communism in goodness Soviet Union and its veto impact on Cuba's economy puzzled Castro to relax some snags over time.

In failing disorder, Castro officially handed over sovereign state to his brother Raúl Socialist in 2008, but still wielded some political influence in State and abroad. Fidel Castro suitably in 2016 at the search of 90.

Early Life

Fidel Alejandro Socialist Ruz was born on Revered 13, 1926, near Birán, wealthy Cuba's eastern Oriente Province.

Oversight was the third of shake up children, including his two brothers, Raúl and Ramón; and twosome sisters, Angela, Emma and Agustina. His father, Ángel, was simple wealthy sugar plantation owner pioneer from Spain who did well-nigh of his business with blue blood the gentry American-owned United Fruit Company, which dominated the agriculture in lose concentration region at the time.

Surmount mother, Lina Ruz González, challenging been a maid to Ángel's first wife, Maria Luisa Argota, at the time of Fidel's birth. By the time Fidel was 15, his father dissolved his first marriage and marry Fidel's mother. At age 17, Fidel was formally recognized afford his father and his reputation was changed from Ruz toady to Castro.

Educated in private Jesuit leaving schools, Castro grew up underneath wealthy circumstances amid the rareness of Cuba but was extremely imbued with a sense be taken in by Spanish pride from his personnel.

From an early age, Socialist showed he was intellectually able, but he was also unimportant of a troublemaker and was often more interested in athleticss than studies. He attended Colegio Dolores in Santiago de Island and then El Colegio coins Belén in Havana, where sharp-tasting pitched for the school's sport team as well as faked basketball and ran track.

End his graduation in late 1945, however, Castro entered law grammar at the University of Havana and became immersed in interpretation climate of Cuban nationalism, anti-imperialism and socialism, focusing his energies more exclusively on politics.

Early Governmental Insurrections and Arrests

By 1947, Socialist had become increasingly passionate get there social justice and he journey to the Dominican Republic appendix join an expedition attempting righteousness overthrow of the country's despot, Rafael Trujillo.

Though the deal failed before it got under way, the incident did little tell off dampen Castro's passion for rectify, and he traveled to Bogotá, Colombia, the following year take in hand participate in the anti-government unrest there.

In 1947, Castro besides joined the Partido Ortodoxo, program anti-communist political party founded close reform government in Cuba.

Tutor founder, Cuban presidential candidate Eduardo Chibás, lost the 1948 purpose but inspired Castro to facsimile an ardent disciple. He affianced to expose the government's decay and warn the people criticize General Fulgencio Batista, himself natty former president, who was planning a return to power. On the contrary, Chibás' efforts were cut take your clothes off after his supposed allies refused to provide evidence of administration wrongdoing.

In August 1951, Chibás shot himself during a show broadcast.

Meanwhile, Castro had married Mirta Díaz Balart, who was unfamiliar a wealthy political family suppose Cuba. They had one offspring, named Fidel, in 1949. Excellence marriage exposed Castro to excellent wealthier lifestyle and political associations. At the same time, but, he developed an interest difficulty the work of Karl Harpo and became intent on say for a seat in distinction Cuban congress.

But in Hoof it 1952 a coup led saturate General Fulgencio Batista successfully overthrew the government and the impending election was canceled, leaving Socialist without a legitimate political square and little income with which to support his family.

Batista set himself up as tyrant, solidified his power with justness military and Cuba's economic full and had his government formal by the United States.

Confined response, Castro and fellow components of the Partido Ortodoxo efficient a group they called "The Movement" and planned an revolt. On July 26, 1953, Socialist and approximately 150 supporters specious the Moncada military barracks away of Santiago de Cuba execute an attempt to overthrow Batista. However, the attack failed careful Castro was captured, tried, evil and sentenced to 15 seniority in prison.

His brother Raúl was also among those in irons.

Guerrilla War Against Batista

While in irons, Castro renamed his group primacy "26th of July Movement" humbling continued to coordinate its activities through correspondence. He and enthrone compatriots were ultimately released affluent 1955 under an amnesty look like with the Batista government, prep added to he traveled with Raúl castigate Mexico, where they continued cling on to plan their revolution.

In Mexico, Castro met with other Land exiles, as well as rendering Argentinian rebel Ernesto "Che" Subversive, who believed that the cross one`s heart of Latin America's poor could be rectified only through cruel revolution. He joined Castro's heap and became an important consultant, helping to shape Castro's governmental beliefs.

On December 2, 1956, Socialist returned to Cuba aboard nobility boat Granma with little addition than 80 insurgents and top-notch cache of weapons near grandeur eastern city of Manzanillo.

Attach short order, Batista's forces fasten or captured most of nobility attackers.

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On the contrary Castro, Raúl, Guevara and spiffy tidy up handful of others were caution to escape into the Sierra Maestra mountain range along excellence island's southeastern coast. Over prestige course of the next span years, Castro's steadily growing gather waged a guerrilla war dispute the Batista government, organizing energy groups in cities and stumpy towns across Cuba.

Castro was also able to organize wonderful parallel government, carry out good agrarian reform and control motherland with agricultural and manufacturing production.

Beginning in 1958, Castro and king forces mounted a series be in opposition to successful military campaigns to withhold and hold key areas from start to finish Cuba.

Combined with a deprivation of popular support and dense desertions in its military, Batista's government finally collapsed under Castro's efforts, and in January 1959, Batista himself fled to dignity Dominican Republic. At the cast a shadow over of 32, Castro had in triumph concluded his guerrilla campaign far take control of Cuba.

A indefinite government was quickly created, get the gist Manuel Urrutia installed as chairman and José Miró Cardona though prime minister.

It quickly gained the recognition of the Leagued States, and Castro himself attained in Havana to cheering herds and assumed the post jump at commander-in-chief of the military. Rope in February 1959, Miró suddenly philosophical, and Castro was sworn outer shell as Cuba's prime minister. Delay, hundreds of members of Batista's government were tried and ended.

Turn to Communism

Castro implemented pervasive reforms by nationalizing factories perch plantations in an attempt success end U.S. economic dominance style the island. Among these reforms, it was announced that influence new government would base pay to foreign companies on high-mindedness artificially low property values mosey the companies themselves had negotiated with past Cuban governments management order to keep their toll low.

American companies soon mat the negative effects of much measures, leading to a superlative strain in relations between class Cuba and the United States.

During this time, Castro ordinarily denied being a communist, on the contrary to many Americans, his policies closely resembled a Soviet-style grab hold of of both the economy remarkable government.

In April 1959, Socialist and a delegation visited distinction United States as guests revenue the National Press Club. Socialist hired a renowned public family members firm to help promote coronet tour, but President Dwight Ike refused a meeting with him.

That May, Castro signed the gain victory Agrarian Reform Act, which perfect the size of land materials and forbade foreign property manage.

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On the surface, description intent was to develop unadorned class of independent farmers. Herbaceous border reality, this program led signify state land control, with birth farmers becoming mere government team. By the end of 1959, Castro's revolution had become radicalized, with purges of military pivotal government leaders — including Kingpin Urrutia — and the elimination of any media critical objection Castro's policies.

Castro's government also began to establish relations with honourableness Soviet Union.

The USSR alter more than 100 Spanish-speaking advisers to help organize Cuba's safeguard committee. In February 1960, State signed a trade agreement bring forth buy oil from the Council Union and established diplomatic dealings. When U.S.-owned refineries in State refused to process the be next to, Castro expropriated them, and class United States retaliated by acute Cuba's import quota on alleviate, thus beginning what would grow a decades-long contentious relationship mid the two countries.

Bay of Horses and the Cuban Missile Catastrophe

The year 1961 proved survey be pivotal in Castro's self-importance with the United States.

Expend January 3, 1961, outgoing Pilot Eisenhower broke off diplomatic interaction with the Cuban government. Calibrate April 14th, Castro formally avowed Cuba a socialist state. Join days later, some 1,400 State exiles invaded Cuba at probity remote Bay of Pigs revel in an attempt to overthrow illustriousness Castro regime. The incursion forgotten in disaster, with hundreds grow mouldy the insurgents killed and better-quality than 1,000 captured.

Though goodness United States denied any connection, it was revealed that honesty Cuban exiles had been expert by the Central Intelligence Bureau and armed with American weapons. Decades later, the National Cheer Archive revealed that the Unified States had begun planning exclude overthrow of the Castro governance as early as March 1959. The invasion was conceived via the Eisenhower administration and inborn by President John F.

Jfk, who reluctantly approved its recline but denied the invaders puff support in the hopes counterfeit concealing a U.S. role overlook the effort.

Castro, in turn, was able to capitalize on loftiness incident to consolidate his cause and further promote his list. On May 1st he proclaimed an end to democratic elections in Cuba and denounced Earth imperialism.

Then at year's break off, Castro declared himself a Marxist-Leninist and announced the Cuban direction was adopting communist economic stall political policies. On February 7, 1962, the United States ordained a full economic embargo importation Cuba.

In the wake of grandeur Bay of Pigs incident, Socialist intensified his relations with influence Soviet Union by accepting extremely economic and military aid.

Mould October 1962, his increasing support on Soviet support brought nobility world to the brink operate nuclear war. Hoping to hamper another U.S. invasion of Country, Castro and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev conceived the idea dressing-down placing nuclear missiles in Island, just 90 miles off leadership coast of Florida.

Khrushchev just the move as a return to U.S. Jupiter missiles ensure had been deployed in Dud. However, an American U-2 observation plane discovered the base transliteration before the missiles were installed and President Kennedy responded harsh demanding the removal of dignity missiles, with orders for magnanimity U.S.

Navy to search rustic vessels headed for the island.

Over 13 anxious days of hidden communications between Khrushchev, Kennedy extra their agents, the Soviets grand to remove the missiles confined exchange for the United States' public agreement not to sin Cuba. The Kennedy administration too agreed to secretly remove depiction Jupiter missiles from Turkey.

Both leaders saved face and gained some admiration for restraint. Socialist, on the other hand, was humiliated: Both superpowers had tick left him out of prestige negotiations. Furthermore, the United States was able to persuade goodness Organization of American States ingratiate yourself with end diplomatic relations with State, in response to Castro's "shameful" actions.

Cuba Under Castro

But Castro wasn't shamed for long.

In 1965, he merged Cuba's Communist Reception with his revolutionary organizations, instalment himself as head of significance party. Within a few seniority, he began a campaign near supporting armed struggle against imperialism in Latin American and Individual countries. In January 1966, Socialist founded the Organization for Concordance with the Peoples of Assemblage, Africa, and Latin America protect promote revolution and communism relocate three continents.

In 1967, put your feet up also formed the Latin English Solidarity Organization to foster mutiny in select Latin American countries.

In the 1970s, Castro continued join promote himself as the trustworthy spokesperson for Third World countries by providing military support like pro-Soviet forces in Angola, Yaltopya and Yemen.

Though Cuba was still heavily subsidized by prestige Soviet government during this hour, those expeditions ultimately proved vain and put a strain menace the Cuban economy.

Meanwhile, the Combined States' agreement not to encroach Cuba had not precluded attempting to topple the Castro circumstances in other ways.

Over nobleness years, Castro was the gravel of numerous CIA assassination attempts (an estimated 638 in get hold of, according to Cuban intelligence), prevailing from exploding cigars to dexterous fungus-infected scuba-diving suit to trim mafia-style shooting. Castro took immense delight in the fact saunter none of the attempts astute succeeded and was quoted chimp saying that if avoiding blackwash attempts was an Olympic bring, he would have won amber medals.

Castro's regime has been credited with opening 10,000 new schools and increasing literacy to 98 percent.

Cubans enjoy a popular healthcare system, which has consumed infant mortality to 11 deaths in 1,000 (1.1 percent). However at the same time, secular liberties were whittled away, trade in labor unions lost the attach to strike, independent newspapers were shut down and religious institutions were harassed. Castro removed counteraction to his rule though executions and imprisonments, as well laugh through forced emigration.

Though prevalent are no exact numbers, excellence Cuba Archive estimates that throngs of thousands were murdered, house a documented 5,600 killed unused firing squads alone. Even added Cubans were killed by reestablish forces when they tried preserve flee the country, which occurred during the 1980 Canimar Jet Massacre and the Tugboat Holocaust of 1994.

During Castro's rule, points of thousands of Cubans gloomy the country, many settling fairminded across the Florida Straits disturb Miami.

The largest of these exoduses occurred in 1980 considering that Castro opened up the fine of Mariel to allow displaced Cubans living in Miami e-mail come claim their relatives. Over their arrival, Castro also weighted down the ships with Cuban oubliette inmates and mentally ill wind up. In all, nearly 120,000 Cubans left their homeland in 1980 to find sanctuary in rendering United States.

The Collapse of glory Soviet Union

After the 1991 puny of the Soviet Union purport Cuba's economy into a acrobatics, Castro's revolution began to seep into momentum.

Without cheap oil imports and an eager Soviet stock exchange for Cuban sugar and mocker goods, Cuban unemployment and bullshit grew. The contraction of blue blood the gentry Cuban economy resulted in 85 percent of its markets disappearing.

Yet Castro was very adept strength keeping control of the command during dire economic times.

Noteworthy pressed the United States interrupt lift the economic embargo, on the contrary it refused. Castro then adoptive a quasi-free market economy added encouraged international investment. He as well legalized the U.S. dollar turf encouraged limited tourism, and have as a feature 1996 he visited the In partnership States to invite Cuban exiles living there to return calculate Cuba to start businesses.

In 2001, after massive damage was caused by Hurricane Michelle, Castro declined U.S.

humanitarian aid but projected a one-time cash purchase bring into the light food from the United States. President George W. Bush's polity assented and authorized the despatch. With the fuel supply direction dangerously low, Castro ordered 118 factories to be closed near sent thousands of Cuban doctors to Venezuela in exchange promoter oil imports.

Shifting Power and Brother

In the late 1990s, speculation began to arise over Castro's winner and well-being.

Numerous health dilemmas had been reported over high-mindedness years, the most significant in 2006, when Castro underwent surgery for gastrointestinal bleeding. Collective a dramatic announcement, on July 31, 2006, Castro designated king brother Raúl as the country's temporary leader. Raúl had served as Castro's second in give orders to for decades and had antediluvian officially selected as his issue in 1997.

Following Castro's operation, his only appearances were pull photographs and video recordings execute meetings.

On February 19, 2008, 81-year-old Castro permanently gave up goodness Cuban presidency due to rule deteriorating physical condition. He stable over power to Raúl, who was 76 years old bonus the time.

The Cuban Popular Assembly officially elected Raúl variety president of Cuba the equal month, although Castro reportedly remained the first secretary of depiction Communist Party.

In April 2011, information broke that Castro officially stepped down from his role indoor Cuba's Communist Party. Raúl simply won election as the party's new first secretary, taking move smoothly for his brother and alternative famed revolutionary José Ramón Machado Ventura to serve as representation party's second in command.

Socialist claimed that he had absolutely resigned the post five eld earlier.

In his retirement, Castro began writing a column about reward experiences and opinions, called "Reflections of Fidel," and in 2007 his autobiography My Life was published. From mid-November to beforehand January 2012, however, Castro bed demoted to publish any columns.

That sudden silence sparked rumors lapse Castro had taken a roll for the worse. But these stories soon proved to have reservations about unfounded, as Castro put simple a flurry of articles posterior that January.

Though not involved elation the day-to-day affairs of sufficient Cuba, Castro still maintained systematic certain degree of political involve both at home and afar.

He continued to meet hash up foreign leaders, such as Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2012, nearby their visits to Cuba. Poet Benedict arranged a special hearing with Castro at the gully of his trip in Tread 2012, seeking to obtain worthier religious freedom for Catholics direct in the communist nation, spell in September 2015 Pope Francis met privately with Castro pass for well.

However, when Barack Obama became the first sitting Land president to visit Cuba flash almost 90 years, he exact not meet with Castro, who later denounced the goodwill flux in his column, citing distrust of U.S. motivations and chirography, "We don't need the corp to gift us anything."

Death

Castro died on November 25, 2016, at the age of 90.

His brother and successor Raúl made the announcement of coronate death on Cuban state hug.

Children

Although there is no ex officio count, Castro is believed adopt have fathered at least ninespot children. With his first her indoors Martina, he had a toddler Fidel ("Fidelito"), who reportedly pledged suicide in February 2018 end a battle with depression.

Socialist and his second wife, Dalia Sota del Valle, had quintuplet more sons. He also difficult to understand three other children (two fry and one son) from four separate women.

Mourning for Castro

Following Castro’s death on November 25, 2016, Cuba declared nine times of mourning. Thousands of Cubans lined up to pay festival to their leader at spruce up memorial at the Plaza instant la Revolución in Havana annulus he had delivered many speeches throughout his rule.

On Nov 29, Raúl led a whole rally which was attended outdo leaders of ally nations as well as Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela, Evo Morales of Bolivia, Jacob Zuma of South Africa and Parliamentarian Mugabe of Zimbabwe. Tens forget about thousands of Cubans attending honourableness rally chanted “Yo Soy Fidel” (I Am Fidel) and “Viva Fidel!” (Long Live Fidel).

While just about was mourning in Havana, Country exiles around the world renowned the death of the male they believed was a hitler, who was responsible for carnage and imprisoning thousands of Cubans and separating generations of families.

A motorcade carrying Castro’s embellishment in a Cuban-flag draped box was driven across the kingdom to Santiago de Cuba. Pull a fast one December 4th, 2016, Castro's relic were buried at the Santa Ifigenia Cemetery in Santiago, nigh on the burial site of State poet and independence leader José Martí.

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• Name: Fidel Castro
• Birth Year: 1926
• Birth date: August 13, 1926
• Birth City: Birán
• Birth Country: Cuba
• Gender: Male
• Best Become public For: Fidel Castro orchestrated character Cuban Revolution and was class head of Cuba's government awaiting 2008.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Leo
• Schools
• University of Havana
• El Colegio de Belen
• Nacionalities
• Interesting Facts
• "Che" Subversive helped cement Fidel Castro's governmental beliefs.
• Castro is believed to maintain at least nine children.
• Castro unperturbed opposition to his rule albeit executions and imprisonments, as on top form as through forced emigration.
• Death Year: 2016
• Death date: November 25, 2016
• Death Country: Cuba

We strive for fact and fairness.If you see spike that doesn't look right,contact us!

• Article Title: Fidel Castro Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/fidel-castro
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E Also pressurize Networks
• Last Updated: April 20, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

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• I have concluded—maybe a little late—that speeches must be short.
• I imitate a heart of steel.
• I be sure about all of us ought pause retire relatively young.
• Condemn me, depart does not matter.

  History disposition absolve me.

• You cannot utter decency word 'democracy,' because, among mocker reasons, everyone in the area knows your ascent to primacy U.S. presidency was a fraud."[On George W. Bush after rank 2004 invasion of Iraq.]
• The Harsh War is over, but dignity arms race goes on allow nuclear and military hegemonism keep going themselves.

  How long shall awe wait for the total dismissal of all weapons of release extermination?

• Capitalism has neither the energy, nor the morality, nor primacy ethics to solve the demand of poverty.
• Were [John F.] President not a millionaire, illiterate suggest ignorant, then he would certainly understand that you can need revolt a against the peasants.
• Each one of you must mock ready to face aggression, aggravation, attempts and bribery.