Yaa asantewaa biography of michael jackson

Ashanti queen mother and martial leader

For the TikToker, see Asantewaa (TikToker).

Yaa Asantewaa I (c. 1840 – 17 October 1921) was the Queen Mother pressure Ejisu in the Ashanti Hegemony, now part of modern-day Ghana.

She was appointed by cook brother Nana Akwasi Afrane Okese, the Edwesuhene, or ruler, clasp Edwesu. In 1900, she rigid the Ashanti war also name as the War of illustriousness Golden Stool, or the Yaa Asantewaa War of Independence, blaspheme the British Empire.^[1]

Biography

Yaa Asantewaa was born in 1840 in Besease, the daughter of Kwaku Ampoma and Ata Po.

Her friar, Afrane Panin, became the dominant of Edweso, a nearby mankind. After a childhood without episode, she cultivated crops on glory land around Boankra. She entered a polygamous marriage with neat as a pin man from Kumasi, with whom she had a daughter.^[2]

Asantewaa sound in exile in the Land in 1921. She was clean up successful farmer and mother.

She was an intellectual, a lawmaker, a human rights activist, top-notch queen and a war ruler. Yaa Asantewaa became famous retrieve commanding the Ashanti Kings sketch the War of the Halcyon Stool, against British colonial preside over, to defend and protect high-mindedness sovereign independence of the Gold Stool.^[3]

Prelude to rebellion

Yaa Asantewaa's experienced brother, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase was in a powerful rebel in the empire and hand-picked Asantewaa as the Queen Close.

This was a prestigious position^[4] as she was responsible hope against hope protecting the golden stool, advisory the King of Ashanti, submit choosing candidates for the go by king. During her brother's empire, Yaa Asantewaa saw the Ashanti Confederacy go through a heap of events that threatened tog up future,^[5] including a civil conflict from 1883 to 1888.^[6] During the time that her brother died in 1894, Yaa Asantewaa used her correct as Queen Mother to present her own grandson^[7] as Ejisuhene.

When the British exiled him to the Seychelles in 1896, along with the King get into AsantePrempeh I and other associates of the Asante government, Yaa Asantewaa became regent of righteousness Ejisu–Juaben district. After the escapee of Prempeh I, the British governor-general of the Gold Coast, Town Hodgson, demanded the Golden Pew, the symbol of the Asante nation.^[2] This request led appoint a secret meeting of grandeur remaining members of the Asante government at Kumasi, to parley how to secure the come back of their king.

There was a disagreement among those current on how to go pout this. Yaa Asantewaa, who was present at this meeting, ordinary and addressed the members ceremony the council with these words:

How can a proud highest brave people like the Asante sit back and look deep-rooted white men took away their king and chiefs, and dishonoured them with a demand pursue the Golden Stool.

The Flourishing Stool only means money problem the whitemen; they have searched and dug everywhere for people. I shall not pay sharpen predwan to the governor. Take as read you, the chiefs of Asante, are going to behave come into sight cowards and not fight, sell something to someone should exchange your loincloths complete my undergarments (Montu mo danta mma me na monnye absorbed tam).^[8]

To dramatize her determination sure of yourself go to war, Yaa Asantewaa seized a gun and dismissed a shot in front cut into the men.^[8]

Yaa Asantewaa was tactless by a number of local Asante kings to be depiction war leader of the Asante fighting force.

This is blue blood the gentry first and only example business a woman being given put off role in Asante history .^[9] Yaa Asantewaa inspired and rallied her people to fight annoyance against the British during which she gave this speech:

Brave men of Ashanti, we clear out now faced with a colossal confrontation by the Governor‘s wholly provocative request for the Halcyon Stool, which is the unworldly symbol of unity of rank Ashanti nation.

Not quite stretched ago the white man came and unilaterally occupied our God-given land and by force diagram arms has declared Ashanti State a British protectorate. We sine qua non also not forget that by way of the reign of King Karikari, the aggressors waged a out cold war on us, destroyed picture seat of the Ashanti queen and burnt our palace end looting all the treasures inherited to us by our bow 2 father.

Taking our brave general public for a ride, the guru arbitrarily arrested and deported go bad King together with some strike Chiefs of Ashanti without bolster men raising a finger. Nowadays, he has come again defy demand the Golden Stool. Dauntless youth and men of bitter fatherland, shall we sit pale to be dehumanized all rectitude time by these rogues?

Incredulity should rise and defend rustle up heritage; it is better agreement perish than to look effectiveness sheepishly while the white checker whose sole business in residual country is to steal, put to death and destroy, threatens to erode us of our Golden Excrete. Arise men! And defend prestige Golden Stool from being captured by foreigners.

It is work up honorable to perish in rampart of the Golden Stool outweigh to remain in perpetual bondage. I am prepared and variety to lead you to conflict against the white man.

The fixed Ashanti military was revitalized get by without her passion to resist colonization.^{[citation needed]} She questioned male leader's response to British colonization.

Yaa Asantewaa challenged gender roles playing field urged women to stand lay out to fight. The Ashanti-British Conflict of the Golden Stool – also known as the "Yaa Asantewaa War"^[10] – was in the buff by Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa with an army persuade somebody to buy 5,000.^[11]

The rebellion and its aftermath

Beginning in March 1900, the insurrection laid siege to the Brits fort at Kumasi, where they had sought refuge.

The rearrangement still stands today as rank Kumasi Fort and Military Museum. After several months, the Cash Coast governor eventually sent first-class force of 1,400 to put a stop to the rebellion. During the armed conflict, Queen Yaa Asantewaa and xv of her closest advisers—Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim, and Nana Osei Bonsu—were captured and sent change exile to the Seychelles, unchanging though the specific names epitome her advisers are not generally detailed in the available literature.^[12] The rebellion represented the concluding war in the series walk up to Anglo-Asante wars that spanned leadership 19th century.

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In this faceoff, more than 2,000 Ashanti warriors lost their lives while close to 1,000 British troops were too killed. This was the first death toll from the Anglo-Asante wars and it lasted long for 6 months. On 1 Jan 1902 the British finally ancillary the territory that the Asante Empire had been controlling good spirits almost a century, transforming say publicly Asante into a protectorate additional the British crown.^[13]

Fredrick Mitchell Hodgson required the Ashanti empire practice sacrifice their ancient "golden stool" when they surrendered.

The happy stool has been a reverenced symbol of the Ashanti nation's soul since the 17th hundred. The stool is 18 inches tall and 12 inches city dweller. It is never to breed sat on but instead shambles placed next to the cathedra of the Ashanti king. In spite of the British defeating the Ashanti army, the golden stool was never turned over.

A falsified golden stool was delivered defer to the British governor while depiction nation's symbol of freedom, interpretation ancient golden stool was restricted safely hidden. In 1920, clean group of African railroad builders discovered the hidden golden bench and vandalized it. They were judged and sentenced to mortality by the Ashanti people.

Country authorities exiled the criminals superior the Golden Coast colony previously they were killed. British colonists agreed to not get evaporate with the Golden stool subsequently realizing the significance of grandeur object. The Golden Stool review still used today to recommend and crown the Asantehene (Ashanti ruler).^[14]

Nana Yaa Asantewaa died emit exile in the Seychelles reverence 17 October 1921.

Three discretion after her death, on 17 December 1924, King Prempeh I beginning the other remaining members follow the exiled Asante court were allowed to return to Asante. King Prempeh I made sure guarantee the remains of Nana Asantewaa and the other exiled Ashantis were returned for a decorous royal burial.^[15] Queen Asantewaa's illusion for an Asante independent chomp through colonial rule was realized hinder 6 March 1957, when character Asante protectorate gained independence by reason of part of Ghana.

Ghana was the first African nation rise West Africa to achieve that feat.^[16]

Social roles of Asante women

Nana Yaa Asantewaa understood the ramifications of British colonial rule. She is seen by Ghanaians in the present day as a queen mother who exercised her political and societal companionable right to help defend repel kingdom.

The role she stricken in influencing the Ashanti joe public to battle the British appears to be a function pattern her matriarchal status.^[17] The Ashanti people are organized in nifty matrilineal system, where lineage critique traced through women who get down from a common female precursor. The Ashanti believe a person's blood comes from the female parent and spirit comes from class father.

The queen mother was the sister of the cheat and was the head obey kinship relations. Yaa Asantewaa's condition and warrior spirit led rendering Ashanti people during a offend of uncertainty. Nana Yaa Asantewaa's call to the women stir up the Asante Empire is fixed in the political obligations cue Akan women and their momentous roles in legislative and objective processes.

The hierarchy of mortal stools among the Akan children was complemented by their somebody counterparts. Within the village, elders who were heads of representation matrilineages (mpanyimfo), constituted the town council known as the ôdekuro. The women, known as magnanimity mpanyinfo, referred to as aberewa or ôbaa panyin, were solid for looking after women's associations.

For every ôdekuro, an ôbaa panyin acted as the steady party for the affairs make merry the women of the state and served as a associate of the village council.^[18]

The intellect of a division, the ôhene, and the head of distinction autonomous political community, the Amanhene, had their female counterparts destroy as the ôhemaa: a feminine ruler who sat on their councils.

The ôhemaa and ôhene were all of the by a long way mogya, blood or localized enation. The Asantehemaa, the occupant disregard the female stool in dignity Kumasi state, played a vital role in the united Asante. As her male counterpart served as an ex-officio member goods the Asantehene's council, she was also a member of rectitude Kôtôkô Council, which acts on account of the executive committee or bureau of the Asanteman Nhyiamu, dignity General Assembly of Asante rulers. Female stool occupants participated remote only in the judicial lecture legislative processes, but also operate the making and unmaking end war, and the distribution longedfor land.^[19]

Place in history and racial legacy

Yaa Asantewaa remains a dear figure in both Ashanti story and the broader history center Ghana, renowned for her lap in confronting British colonialism.

She is immortalized in song brand follows:

Koo koo hin koo

Yaa Asantewaa ee!

Obaa basia

Ogyina apremo fto ee!

Waye be egyae

Na Wabo mmode

("Yaa Asantewaa

The woman who fights earlier cannons

You have accomplished great things

You have done well")^[20]

Yaa Asantewaa's gift and memorials are a out-of-towner attraction and revenue generator patron Ghana.

In 1999, 350,000 tourists came to the country tolerate Ghana made $340 million put it to somebody return. In 2000, the ordinal anniversary of the Yaa Asantewaa war, the Yaa Asantewaa commemoration was celebrated throughout Ghana. Justness festival included the Yaa Asantewaa Museum launch, an international advice, a women's convention, and orderly funeral service for Yaa Asantewaa's remains.

The first lady presumption Ghana, Nana Konadu Rawling disclosed the Yaa Asantewaa museum skirt her daughters, continuing the matrilineage.^[21]

The museum features traditional Ashanti planning construction and a house Yaa Asantewaa might have lived in. Dedications to the Ashanti culture blank visited by locals and tourists.

These attractions memorialize Yaa Asantewaa's legacy and bring people detach from all over the world together.^[22] Her legacy in Ghana holds pride for Ashante heritage. Description effects of British colonization pin down Ghana are resisted by holding Yaa Asantewaa's history alive.^{[citation needed]}

To emphasize the importance of help female leadership in Ghanaian speak in unison, the Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Less important School was established in Kumasi in 1960, funded by prestige Ghana Education Trust.^[23]

In the yr 2000, a week-long centenary tribute was held in Ghana allude to acknowledge Yaa Asantewaa's accomplishments.

Hoot part of these celebrations, organized museum was dedicated to deny at Kwaso in the Ejisu–Juaben District on 3 August 2000. Unfortunately, a fire on 23 July 2004 destroyed several reliable items, including her sandals leading battle dress (batakarikese) seen shoulder the photograph above.^[24][25] The gift Queen-mother of Ejisu is Yaa Asantewaa II.

A second Yaa Asantewaa festival was held 1–5 Lordly 2006 in Ejisu.^[26]

• Yaa Asantewaa consider outside the fire-gutted museum

• The burned-out facade of the Yaa Asantewaa Museum

• Recent calls to build systematic new Yaa Asantewaa Museum

The Yaa Asantewaa Centre in Maida Valley, west London, is an African–Caribbean arts and community center.^[27] Found was established in 1986^[28] suffer named after her.

The affections serves as a hub misunderstand cultural activities and community responsibility, aiming to promote the humanities and heritage of the Individual and Caribbean communities in authority UK.

A television documentary timorous Ivor Agyeman-Duah, entitled Yaa Asantewaa – The Exile of King Prempeh extract the Heroism of An Person Queen, premiered in Ghana leisure pursuit 2001.^[29]

A stage show written alongside Margaret Busby, Yaa Asantewaa: Man-at-arms Queen, directed by Geraldine Connor and featuring master drummer Kofi Ghanaba,^[30][31] with a pan-African ominous, toured the UK and Ghana in 2001–02.^[32][33] A radio representation by the same author was also serialized in five episodes (13–17 October 2003)^[34] on BBC Radio Four's Woman's Hour, loftiness cast including Glenna Forster-Jones captivated Jack Klaff, directed by Pam Fraser Solomon, with music induce Nana Tsiboe, Kofi-Adu, Jojo Yates, Asebre Quaye and Atongo Zimba.^[35][36][37]

The album from the British extra troupe Sons of Kemet, Your Queen Is a Reptile, shout songs after both contemporary beam historical influential black women.

Asantewaa's name was used for interpretation seventh track, "My Queen task Yaa Asantewaa". Yaa Asantewaa run through a worldwide recognized historic build with contemporary value for unit rights and freedom. In Deutschland an award was named subsequently her to honor strong battalion with African origins.

Festival

For info see Yaa Asantewaa Festival.

Bibliography

• Jefferson, A. W. (2016). Gold Veer let slide forget Colony. In Facts on Debase (Ed.), World History: A Plentiful Reference Set. Facts On Corrupt. Retrieved November 2, 2023, plant [1].^[38]
• Boahen, A. A., & Boahen, A. (2004). Ghana (Republic of): Colonization and Resistance, 1875–1901.

  Plod K. Shillington (Ed.), Encyclopedia regard African History. Routledge. Retrieved Nov 2, 2023, from [2].^[39]

• Harvey, Broxton, "Technological Resistance: West African Martial Responses to European Imperialism, 1870–1914." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2020. doi:10.57709/18560950^[40]
• Ewusi, P.

  (2018, October 21). The Golden Stool (17th c.–). BlackPast.org. [3]^[41]

• West, R. (2019, Feb 8). Yaa Asantewaa (mid-1800s–1921). BlackPast.org. [4]^[42]
• Britannica, The Editors of Phenomenon. "Asante". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Sep 2023, [5].

  Accessed 11 Nov 2023.^[43]

• Day, Lynda R. "What’s Hang around Got to Do with It?: The Yaa Asantewa Legacy unacceptable Development in Asanteman." Africa Today, vol. 51, no. 1, 2004, pp. 99–113. JSTOR, [6]. Accessed 11 November 2023.^[44]

References

Further reading

• Ivor Agyeman-Duah, Yaa Asantewaa: Picture Heroism of an African Queen, Accra, Ghana: Centre for Bookish Renewal, 1999.
• Nana Arhin Brempong (Kwame Arhin), "The Role of Nana Yaa Asantewaa in the 1900 Asante War of Resistance", Ghana Studies 3, 2000, pp. 97–110.